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Hexose Monophosphate Pathway (HMP) Shunt PPT & PDF Download

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Table of Contents

Hexose Monophosphate Pathway 

The HMP is a route for the cell to produce NADPH which is required for the biosynthetic reaction. 

  • NADPH is crucial to keep glutathione in its reduced form to prevent oxidative damage to the cell. Because when glutathione gets oxidised it starts degradation inside the cell. 
  • The major pathway for aerobic respiration of glucose is through glycolysis and Kreb's Cycle but HMP shunts an equally important alternate pathway of glucose catabolism. 
  • The Hexose Monophosphate Pathway takes place in the cytosol of most organisms but
  • In plants, HMP shunt normally occurs in Plastids. 
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Process 

The process is divided into two distinct parts i.e.  
1. Oxidative - it involves irreversible reaction.
2. Non-oxidative - it involves reversible reaction.  
1. In the first step one molecule NADPH is produced when the Glucose 6 phosphate is dehydrogenated to 6-phosphoglucono-lactone in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
2. 6-phosphoglucono-lactone is hydrolysed into 6-phosphogluconate in the presence of 6-phosphogluconolactonase. This step requires water molecules, which may be obtained from the Electron Transport chain. 
3. 6-phosphogluconate is converted into ribulose 5-phosphate in the presence of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by oxidative decarboxylation, producing the 2nd molecule of NADPH, and CO2 release readily.
 
4. Ribulose-5-phosphate isomerises into ribose-5-phosphate in the presence of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase.
5. Another enzyme, phosphopentose epimerase, isomerises ribulose-5-phosphate into xylulose 5-phosphate at the same time.
6. Transketolase enzyme transfers a carbon group from ketose (xylulose-5-phosphate) to the aldose (ribose-5-phosphate), and the products obtained are glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. 
7. Transaldolase again transfers a carbon group from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (ketose) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (aldose), and the products obtained are erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. The key point is the number of carbon molecules numbers is maintained (10 molecules) in above and this step.  
8. A carbon from xylulose 5-phosphate is transferred to erythrose 4-phosphate in the presence of transketolase to obtain glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. The substrate can further participate in glycolysis. 

End product

NADPH - required for the biosynthetic reaction. An important component within phagolysosomes in the immune response 
Rbose-5-phosphate, which is used in the synthesis of nucleic acid and nucleotides, 
Erythrose-4-phosphate, is used for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids.

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1 comment

  1. Plz also upload images
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