Table of Contents
Section A
(Very Short Type Questions)
Questions of CCSU
Question 1: Probiotics
प्रश्न 1: प्रोबायोटिक्स
Ans; Probiotics a food products or supplements that contain living and healthy microorganisms that increase the microbial content of the body and regulate the digestive process. Probiotics may consist of a variety of microorganisms. The most common are bacteria that belong to groups called Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
Question 2: Define the food
प्रश्न 2: खाद्य की परिभाषा
उत्तर:
Ans: Food is any substance consisting of essential protein, carbohydrates, Fat, Vitamin and other important nutrients and it is consumed by organisms to sustain their body growth.
🎯Food can be of Plant or Animal origin.
🎯It provides energy to the body and acts as a Fuel ⛽.
Question 3: Write the constituents of food.
प्रश्न 3: खाद्य के अवयव लिखिये ।
उत्तर:
Ans: The constituents or components of food mainly depend on its origin, growing conditions, Method of processing and preparation.
🎯 There are some following common constituents of food
1. Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Protein & Fat.
2. Micronutrients: Vitamins, Mineral.
3. Non-Nutrients Constituents: Fiber, Photo-Chemicals, Antioxidant.
Question 4: Write the role of different vitamins in health.
प्रश्न 4: स्वास्थ्य के लिये विभिन्न विटामिनों के कार्य लिखिये।
उत्तर:
Ans:
|
| Image Source - Medanta.org |
Question 5: What is feed additive?
प्रश्न 5: खाद्य एडीटिव क्या है
उत्तर:
Ans: Feed additives are ingredients or groups of ingredients that are used in animal food to increase the quality of feed and ultimately improve animal performance and health.
Eg: preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, acidity. regulators,
Extra Ques. What is the difference between Feed Additives and feed supplements?
Feed supplements are nutritional and are added to the feed to cover up the missing nutrients, whereas, feed additives are for increasing the existing nutritional efficiency.
Related Posts
Section B
(Short Type Questions)
Questions of CCSU
Question 6: Write the composition of milk.
प्रश्न 6: दूध का संगठन लिखिये ।
उत्तर:
Ans: Milk is a complex fluid composed of various organic and inorganic compounds, the composition of milk varies slightly depending on factors such as the animal species (e.g., cow, goat, sheep), breed, diet, and stage of lactation. The general composition is following:
1. Water:
The primary component of milk makes up around 87-90% of its composition.
2. Proteins:
- Casein: The main protein in milk, constituting about 80% of the total protein content. It's responsible for the white colour and forms curds when milk is coagulated.
- Whey proteins: Including beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, these proteins make up the remaining 20% of the protein content. They are soluble in milk serum and contribute to its nutritional value.
3. Carbohydrates:
- Lactose: A disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose, lactose provides the primary source of energy in milk and gives it its slightly sweet taste.
4. Fats:
- Triglycerides: Milk fat is composed of triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids such as palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids. These fats provide energy and contribute to the flavour, texture, and mouthfeel of milk.
5. Vitamins:
- Fat-soluble vitamins: Including vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are essential for various bodily functions such as vision, bone health, and immune function.
- Water-soluble vitamins: Such as vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12) and vitamin C, which play roles in metabolism, energy production, and immune function.
6. Minerals:
- Calcium: Essential for bone and teeth health, muscle function, and nerve transmission.
- Phosphorus: Alongside calcium, phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism.
- Potassium: Regulates fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve signals.
- Magnesium: Involved in hundreds of biochemical reactions in the body, including energy production and muscle function.
- Trace minerals: Including zinc, selenium, and copper, which are important for various physiological processes.
7. Other bioactive compounds:
- Enzymes: Such as lactase and lipase, which aid in the digestion of lactose and fats, respectively.
- Immunoglobulins: Antibodies that help boost the immune system, especially in infants.
- Growth factors: Such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which supports growth and development.
- Hormones: Including estrogen and progesterone, which are present in small amounts.
8. Microorganisms:
Milk contains various bacteria, both beneficial and harmful, depending on factors like hygiene and processing.
Question 7: Discuss about Marasmus,
प्रश्न 7: मैरासमस का वर्णन कीजिये।
उत्तर:
Ans: Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by inadequate
intake of calories, protein, and other essential nutrients. It typically
occurs in young children, especially those living in poverty-stricken areas
with limited access to nutritious food. Here's a breakdown of its causes,
symptoms, and treatment:
Causes:
1. **Inadequate food intake**: Insufficient consumption of calories and nutrients, often due to poverty, famine, or food insecurity.
2. **Poor maternal nutrition**: Babies born to malnourished mothers may have a higher risk of developing marasmus due to inadequate nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
3. **Digestive disorders**: Conditions such as diarrhoea, vomiting, or infections can impair nutrient absorption in the digestive tract, exacerbating malnutrition.
4. **Inability to breastfeed**: Infants who are unable to breastfeed due to maternal illness, lactation problems, or maternal death are at higher risk.
5. **Environmental factors**: Poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water, and unsanitary living conditions contribute to the risk of infections and further exacerbate malnutrition.
Symptoms:
1. **Severe weight loss**: Children with marasmus have a significantly low body weight for their age due to muscle and fat depletion.
2. **Muscle wasting**: Visible loss of muscle mass, giving the child a "skin and bones" appearance.
3. **Weakness and fatigue**: Lack of energy and diminished physical activity.
4. **Delayed growth and development**: Stunted growth and developmental delays, both physically and mentally.
5. **Hypothermia**: Inadequate fat reserves lead to difficulty regulating body temperature, resulting in constant coldness.
6. **Weak immune system**: Increased susceptibility to infections and illnesses due to compromised immunity.
Treatment:
1. **Nutritional rehabilitation**: Gradual reintroduction of a balanced diet rich in calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals to replenish nutrient stores and promote healthy growth.
2. **Therapeutic feeding**: High-protein, high-calorie nutritional supplements, often in the form of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs), are given to severely malnourished children to aid in rapid weight gain and recovery.
3. **Medical management**: Treatment of underlying infections or medical conditions contributing to malnutrition, such as diarrhoea or respiratory infections, to improve overall health and nutrient absorption.
4. **Supportive care**: Providing supportive care, including hydration, temperature regulation, and management of complications such as electrolyte imbalances or hypoglycemia.
5. **Educational interventions**: Nutritional education for caregivers on proper infant and child feeding practices, hygiene, and sanitation to prevent the recurrence of malnutrition.
Early detection and intervention are crucial for successful treatment and prevention of long-term complications associated with marasmus. Long-term follow-up and support are often necessary to ensure sustained recovery and optimal growth and development.
Question 8: Discuss essential and non-essential Amino acids.
प्रश्न 8: आवश्यक और अनावश्यक एमीनो अम्लों के बारे में लिखिये।
उत्तर:
Ans: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various
physiological functions in the body. They are classified into two main
categories: essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.
Essential Amino Acids:
Essential amino acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet. There are nine essential amino acids:
1. **Histidine**: Necessary for the growth and repair of tissues, as well as the maintenance of the myelin sheath, which surrounds nerve cells.
2. **Isoleucine**: Involved in muscle metabolism, immune function, and haemoglobin production.
3. **Leucine**: Plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, muscle repair, and regulation of blood sugar levels.
4. **Lysine**: Important for growth, tissue repair, collagen production, and calcium absorption.
5. **Methionine**: Acts as a precursor for other molecules and is essential for the synthesis of proteins, neurotransmitters, and other important compounds.
6. **Phenylalanine**: Precursor for the synthesis of tyrosine and various neurotransmitters, hormones, and melanin.
7. **Threonine**: Required for protein synthesis, collagen production, and maintenance of proper immune function.
8. **Tryptophan**: Precursor for serotonin and melatonin, neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation and sleep.
9. **Valine**: Important for muscle metabolism, tissue repair, and energy production.
Since the body cannot produce these amino acids, it is essential to obtain them through dietary sources such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, and seeds.
Non-Essential Amino Acids:
Non-essential amino acids are those that the body can synthesize from other amino acids or precursor molecules. There are eleven non-essential amino acids:
1. **Alanine**
2. **Arginine**
3. **Asparagine**
4. **Aspartic acid**
5. **Cysteine**
6. **Glutamic acid**
7. **Glutamine**
8. **Glycine**
9. **Proline**
10. **Serine**
11. **Tyrosine**
These amino acids can be produced by the body through various metabolic pathways, and thus, there is generally no dietary requirement for them. However, under certain conditions such as illness, stress, or intense physical activity, some non-essential amino acids may become conditionally essential, meaning that the body may require higher levels than it can produce under normal circumstances.
A balanced intake of both essential and non-essential amino acids is vital for overall health, as they are involved in numerous physiological processes, including protein synthesis, enzyme function, neurotransmitter production, immune response, and hormone regulation.
Section C
(Long Type Questions)
Questions of CCSU
Question 9: Describe the classification and function of carbohydrates.
प्रश्न 9:कार्बोहाइड्रेट का वर्गीकरण और कार्यों का वर्णन कीजिये।
उत्तर:
Ans: will be uploaded
Question 10: What are Macro and Micro minerals and discuss their deficiency disease.
प्रश्न 10: बृहत् और सूक्ष्म खनिज मिश्रण क्या हैं और उनकी कमी से होने वाली विभिन्न बीमारियों की विवेचना कीजिये।
उत्तर:
Ans: will be uploaded
Question 11: Describe the different flavours and colours used in food.
प्रश्न 11: खाद्य पदार्थ में प्रयोग होने वाले विभिन्न रंग और गन्ध का वर्णन कीजिये।
उत्तर:
Ans: Will be upload
Question 12: What are the different feed additives and also write their role.
प्रश्न 12: विभिन्न फीड एडिटिव क्या हैं और उनकी भूमिका को लिखिये।
उत्तर:
Ans: will Be upload
Question 13: Describe the processing of Milk.
प्रश्न 13: दुग्ध प्रसंस्करण का वर्णन कीजिए
उत्तर:
Ans: will Be upload
Support For More Solved Question Paper
Join Telegram Channel
Keyword
Reference