Total Subjects:
9+Educational Tour
1. Farming System, Precision Farming & Sustainable Agriculture
2. Crop Improvement-II (Rabi Crops)
Theory
Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different crops: cereal (Wheat); pulses (Chickpea, Pea); oilseeds (Rapeseed and Mustard, Sunflower); cash crop (Sugarcane); vegetable crop. (Potato); Major breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and
modem innovative approaches for development of hybrids and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and quality (physical, chemical, nutritional); Hybrid seed production technology of rabi crops. Ideotype concept and climate resilient crop varieties for future.
Practical
Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species namely Wheat, Chickpea. pea, Rapeseed Mustard, Sunflower, Tomato: Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rub/ crops: Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments: Study of quality characters, study of donor parents for different characters; Visit to seed production plots; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops.
3.Manures, Fertilizers & Soil Fertility Management
Theory
History of soil fertility and plant nutrition, Introduction and Importance of organic manures, properties and methods of preparation of bulky and concentrated manures. Green/leaf manuring. Fertilizer recommendation approaches. Integrated nutrient management. Chemical fertilizers: classification, composition and properties of major nitrogenous, phosphatic. potassic fertilizers, secondary & micronutrient fertilizers, Complex fertilizers, Nano-fertilizers Soil amendments. Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order., Criteria of essentiality, role. deficiency and toxicity symptoms of essential plant nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting nutrient availability to plants. Chemistry of soil nitrogen. phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients. Soil fertility evaluation. Soil testing. Critical levels of
different nutrients in soil. Forms of nutrients in soil, plant analysis. rapid plant tissue tests. Indicator plants. Methods of fertilizer applications to crops. Factor Influencing nutrient use efficiency (NUE), methods of fertilizer application under rainfed and irrigated conditions.
Practical
Estimation of soil organic carbon, Estimation of available N available P, available K; available S available Ca and Mg in soils. Estimation of N. P & K in plants. manures and fertilizers. Elementary idea of determination micro nutrients- boron, Zinc and Iron.
4. Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics
Meaning and concept of farm management, objectives and relationships with other sciences. Meaning and definition of farms, its types and characteristics, factor determining types and size of farms.
Principles of farm management: concept of production function and its type, use production function in decision-making on a farm, factor-product, factor-factor and produce product relationships, law of equal-marginal returns, principles of opportunity cost and law comparative advantage.
Meaning and concept of cost, types of costs and their Interrelationships, importance of cost in managing farm business and estimation of gross farm Income, net farm income, family labour Income and farm business income.
Farm business analysis meaning and concept of farm Income and profitability, technical and economic efficiency measures in crop and livestock enterprises.
Importance of farm records and accounts in managing a farm, various types of farm records needed to maintain a farm, farm inventory, balance sheet, profit and loss accounts.
Meaning and importance of farm planning and budgeting, partial and complete budgeting, steps in farm planning and budgeting, linear programming, appraisal of farm resources, selection of crops and livestock enterprises.
Concept of risk and uncertainty in agriculture production, nature and sources of risks and its management strategies. Crop/livestock/machinery Insurance weather based crop insurance, features and determinants of compensation.
Concepts of resource economics, differences between NRE and agricultural economics, unique properties of natural resources, positive and negative externalities in agriculture, inefficiency and welfare loss, their solutions, important issues in economics and management of common property resources of land, water, pasture and forest resources etc.
5. Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops and their Management-II
Theory
Symptoms. etiology. disease cycle and management of major diseases of following crops:
Field Crops:
Wheat: Rusts, loose smut, karnal bunt, powdery mildew. Alternaria blight and ear cockle;
Sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot and pokkah boeng.
Sunflower: Alternaria blight: Mustard: Alternaria blight, white rust, downy mildew;
Gram: wilt and Ascochyta blight;
Lentil: Rust and wilt;
Cotton: Vascular wilt and black arm;
Pea: Downy mildew, powdery mildew and rust.
Horticultural Crops: Mango: Black tip, Anthracnose, malformation, powdery mildew;
Citrus: cankerand gummosis; Grape vine: Downy mildew powdery mildew;
Peach: leaf curl;
Cucurbits: downy mildew, powdery mildew and wilt;
Onion and garlic: purple blotch and stemphylium blight;
Chilli: anthracnose and leaf curl:
Turmeric: leaf spot;
Marigold: Botrytis blight;
Rose: dieback. powdery mildew;
Potato: Early and late blight, common sqab. powdery scab, potato mosaic and black heart.
6. Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits & Vegetables
Theory
Importance and scope of post-harvest technology of fruits and vegetables. Extent and possible causes of post-harvest losses; Pre-harvest factors affecting postharvest quality, maturity and self-life of fruits and vegetables & spices. Ripening and changes occurring during ripening; Respiration and factors affecting respiration rate; role of ethylene; post-harvest diseases and disorders; heat, chilling and freezing injury; harvesting and field handling; Storage (ZECC, cold storage, CA, MA and hypobaric); Value addition concept; Principles and methods of preservation; Intermediate moisture food- Jam, jelly, marmalade; preserve; candy-Concepts and Standards; Fermented and non-fermented beverages. Tomato products-Concepts and Standards; Drying/dehydration of fruits and vegetables-Concept and methods, osmotic drying. Canning- Concepts and Standards; packaging of products.
Practical
Applications of different types of packaging, containers for shelf-life extension. Effect of temperature on shelf-life and quality of produce. Demonstration of chilling and freezing injury in vegetables and fruits. Extraction and preservation of pulps and juices. Preparation of jam, jelly, RTS, nectar, squash, osmotically dried products, fruit bar and candy and tomato products, canned products. Quality evaluation of products-physico- chemical and sensory. Visit to processing units/industry.
7. Watershed and Wasteland Management
Theory
Watershed management Concept, definition, need, principles and components of watershed management integrated watershed management. Factors affecting watershed management runoff and soil loss management in a watershed, socio-economic concept of watershed. People's participation in watershed management. Policy approaches and management plan, problems of watershed management. Types of degraded and wastelands, Distribution and extent of watershed in India and Uttar Pradesh, factors responsible for land degradation, characteristics of different types of degraded and wastelands, Problems of degraded land in Uttar Pradesh. Appropriate techniques for management of different types of degraded and wastelands.
Practical
Characterization and delineation of a model watershed, Case study of a watershed, Field demonstration on soil and moisture conservation measures. Field demonstration on construction of water harvesting structures. Visit to rainfed research station and watershed.
8. Beneficial Insects and Pests of Horticultural Crops & their Management
Beneficial Insects and Pests of Horticultural Crops and Their Management
Theory
Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties, methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Rearing of mulberry silkworm, rearing appliances, mounting and harvesting of cocoons. Pests and diseases of silkworm, management, and methods of disinfection. Importance of beneficial insects. bee keeping, pollinating plants and their cycle, bee biology, commercial methods of rearing, equipment used and seasonal management. Bee pasturage. bee foraging and communication. Insect pests and diseases of honey bee. Species of lac insect, morphology, biology. host plant and lac production- Processing of lac - seed lac, button lac. shellac and lac- products. Identification of major parasitoids and predators commonly used in biological control. Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology, nature of damage, and management of major insect pests of following horticultural crops
Mango: Drosicha Mangiferae, Amrtodus atkinsoni, Batocera rufomaculata
Guava: Bactrocera dorsalis
Litchi: Conopomorpha sinensis, Pletypeplus aprobola
Citrus: Papilio demeclius, Diaphorina citri, Phyllocnistis citrelia
Pomegranate: Virechois isocrates.
Apple: Eriosoma lanigerum, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus
Brinjal: Leucinodes orbonalis, Epitachina viontiociopunctata
Cucurbits: Raphidoplapa fovelcollis, Dacus Cucurbitae, Cole crops: Plutella xylostella, Pieris brassicae
Polyphagous Pest: Indarbela quadrinotata
Practical:
Identification of different types of damage. Identification and study of life cycle and seasonal history of various Insect pests attacking horticultural crops vegetable crops, fruit crops as mentioned in theory). Visit to orchards and gardens. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology and rearing of silkworm and equipment. Honey beespecies and castes of bees. Beekeeping appliances and seasonal management. Bee enemies and diseases. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Species of lac insect, host plant Identification. Identification of other important pollinators, weed killers and scavengers. Visit to research and training institutions devoted to sericulture, beekeeping, lac culture and natural enemies.
9. Educational Tour (** Non-Gradial Course) 2 (0+2)
10. Elective Courses (To be selected any One of the following)
1. Hi-tech Horticulture
Theory
Introduction & importance; Nursery management and mechanization; micropropagation of horticultural crops; Modern field preparation and planting methods. Protected cultivation: advantages, controlled conditions, method and techniques; Micro-Irrigation systems and Its components; EC.PH based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management, high density orcharding. Components of precision farming: Remote sensing. Geographical Information System (GIS), 'Differential Geo-positioning System (DGPS), Variable Rate applicator (VRA), application of precision farming in horticultural crops (fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops); mechanized harvesting of produce.
Practical
Types of poly-houses and shade net houses, Intercultural operations, tools and equipment's- identification and application; Micro-propagation, Nursery pro-trays, micro-irrigation. EC, PH based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management; visit to hi-tech orchards/nursery.
2. Protected Cultivation
3. Weed Management
Theory
Introduction to weeds, characteristics of weeds their harmful and beneficial effects on ecosystem. Classification, reproduction and dissemination of weeds. Methods of weed control, Herbicide classification. concept of adjuvant, surfactant, herbicide formulation and their use, mode of action of herbicides and selectivity. Allelopathy and its application for weed management. Bio- herbicides and their application in agriculture. Concept of herbicide mixture and utility in agriculture. Herbicide compatibility with agro-chemicals and their application. Integration of herbicides with non-chemical methods of weed management. Herbicide resistance and its management.
Practical
Crop-weed competition studies and yield losses in field crops, Biology of important weeds viz. Parthenium, Cyprus, Cynodon, Orobancheae, Phalaris etc. Study of herbicide formulations and mixture of herbicide. Herbicide and agro-chemicals study. Shift of weed flora, study in long term experiments. Study of methods of herbicide application, spraying equipment's. Calculation of herbicide doses, weed control efficiency and weed-index.
4. Agriculture Journalism
5. Management of Fish-cum- Duck, Quail and Rabbit Farming
THEORY:
Fish farming: Common terminologies, classification and characteristics of common fish.
Present status of fishery in India. Preparation and management of fish pond, physical and
chemical condition of water for fishery, feeds and feeding of fishes, breeding of fish, common
diseases of fishes, Integrated fish-duck farming. Duck farming: Common terminologies, Present status of duck farming in India. breeds and their common features and advantages, incubation and hatching, feeding of ducks, care and management of duckling, grower, layer/broiler ducks. Characteristics of duck eggs, common
diseases and vaccination schedule.
Quail farming: Common terminologies, common features of quail farming and its advantages, breeds, incubation and hatching, feeding of quails. care and management of quail chick, grower/layer/broilers, common diseases and vaccination schedule.
Rabbit farming: Introduction, scope and advantages of rabbit farming, breeds, breeding, housing, care and management of young and adult rabbit. feeds and feeding for rabbits, common diseases of rabbit and their management., fur and meat production
PRACTICAL:
Visit of fishery units, demonstration of farm preparation, hatchery and brooding operation and report formulation.
Identification of Different type of common fishes, Candling and Grading Duck and Quail Egg
Ration formulation for Duck, Quail. Rabbit and Fish.
Preparation of different egg products.
